Pages: 269-278

The Jochid Khan Ghiyas al-Din Muhammad Tulak, known as a frontman, is one of the most controversial figures in the entire history of the Golden Horde. Some historians and numismatists say that Mamay ruled legitimizing his power by two khans — Abdallah and Muhammad Bulaq; others suppose that Mamay had three puppet khans — Abdallah, Muhammad and Tulak. The article discusses information of some written accounts about Tulak and attempts to answer (on the basis of the analysis of the numismatic sources) the question about the identity of the khans Ghiyas al-Din Muhammad and Ghiyas al-Din Muhammad Tulak.
Five types of Tulak’s silver coins were marked out, their legends and images were reconstructed. Dangs of Muhammad Tulak were minted in Ordu, Ordu Mu’azzam and Hajji Tarkhan. One type, instead of indicating the mint on its reverse, contains a Sunni symbol of faith, but the authors identified a link between this emission and Ordu-Mu’azzam coinages. Coins with the name of khan Tulak determine the date of his reign as 782 AH (1380—1381 AD). Taking into account the information of written sources, it can be assumed that he had ascended to the throne a little earlier. The Muslim name of Tulak was Muhammad, like his predecessor’s, to whom he is not identical.

Keywords: Golden Horde, Mamay, Muhammad Bulaq khan, Tulak, Mamay, numismatics, dang.

Information about authors:

Yuriy Zayonchkovskiy (Kharkiv, Ukraine). Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture. Sumskaya St., 40, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine
E-mail: [email protected]
Boris Leonov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation).
E-mail: [email protected]