Pages: 480-486

The article treats complex issues of understanding the semantics of the Qumran manuscripts, and first of all the names disguising the real actors of the Qumran community. Based on an analysis of Comments on Psalm 37 and some additional records, the author draws the following conclusion: the name «Impious Righteous Man» (ha-kohen ha-rasha’) disguises apostle Paul, the name «Righteous Preceptor» (more ha-zedeq) or «Righteous Man» (ha-zadiq) disguises Jacob (Jesus’s brother), while «The Man of Lie» (yish ha-kazav) should be read as Judas Barsabas. The analysis brings to a conclusion that Jacob was trying to play the role of a mediator between the community in Jerusalem, gradually withdrawing from the principles of asceticism, and the community in Qumran. This enables us dating the Comment on Psalm 37 by 60s of A.D., i.e. the years preceding the Judaic War.