Pages: 263-286

The article deals with the results of work on the ancient towns of Zhaiyk and Zhalpaktal in Western Kazakhstan. The ancient settlement of Zhaiyk is located not far from the city of Uralsk. Since 2000, there have been studied large estates, a public bath with underground heating and production complexes: an oven for baking brick and a furnace for calcining lime. Two large mausoleums of burnt bricks, decorated with glazed tiles, were found on the necropolis. In 2013, a funerary complex consisting of a tower mausoleum and small funerary structures were excavated on the necropolis.
A small rural mosque with a minaret was investigated at the settlement of Zhalpaktal. Excavations of a large farmstead showed that life on the settlement lasted long enough. First, pit-houses were used for dwelling. Later, a large house with many rooms and walls of raw brick was built in their place.

Keywords: Western Kazakhstan, Middle Ages, Golden Horde, settlements, manors, mosques, mausoleums, production complexes

Information about author:

Emma Zilivinskaya. Doctor of Historical Sciences. N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Leninsky Ave., 32a, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
E-mail: [email protected]