Pages: 347-361 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.55086/sp255347361

This article offers a refined perspective on the so-called “unusual rooms” identified at the archaeological sites of Kavat-Kala and Zamakhshar in Khwarezm. Incorporating findings from recent excavations, architectural analysis, comparative studies within the Islamic world, and references to medieval sources, the study posits that these spaces may have functioned as libraries or archival repositories. Earlier interpretations considered utilitarian purposes such as storage, dovecotes, or meeting halls. However, specific architectural elements — including symmetrical niches, benches (suffas), and intentional spatial layouts — suggest a design optimised for manuscript storage and use. This reinterpretation enhances our understanding of the intellectual milieu of medieval Khwarezm, highlighting its role as not only a political and economic centre but also a dynamic hub of scientific and cultural activity. The evidence points to a widespread written culture, with potential instances of both public and private libraries among the urban elite. Furthermore, the recurrence of similar room types across various estates implies either centralised planning or the intentional adoption of architectural forms linked to scholarly distinction. The research advances knowledge of educational practices, manuscript preservation, and knowledge transmission in Central Asia during the 12th—13th centuries, offering significant insights into the broader intellectual history of the Islamic world.

Keywords: Khwarezm, Turan, Central Asia, archaeology, libraries, archives, Islamic world, Middle Ages, Kavat-Kala, Zamakhshar

Information about authors:

Surat Kubaev (Tashkent, Uzbekistan). PhD. Institute of History the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Shakhrisabz St., 5, Tashkent, 100060, Uzbekistan
E-mail: [email protected]
ORCID: 0000-0001-9761-8613
Sharifa Toshova (Tashkent, Uzbekistan). PhD. Tashkent Institute of Economics and Pedagogy of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation. Yunusata St., 13, Yunusabad district, Tashkent, 100194, Uzbekistan; Institute of History the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Shakhrisabz St., 5, Tashkent, 100060, Uzbekistan
E-mail: sharifaxon.tosheva@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0001-9736-0579
Munira Khatamova (Tashkent, Uzbekistan). PhD. Alfraganus University of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation, Republic of Uzbekistan. Yuqari Karakamish St., 2a, Yunusabad district, Tashkent, 100190, Uzbekistan
E-mail: [email protected]
ORCID: 0000-0002-4405-0048