Pages: 433-451
This article is in Russian
Archaeological data on the Yamnaya culture in the territory of the Volga-Ural interfluve are considered in connection with the problem of searching for a Proto-Indo-European homeland in the eastern part of the steppe zone of Europe. The author formulates a question whether the Yamnaya culture was sufficiently mobile and armed enough to be capable of undertaking large-scale migrations. It is argued that the formation of the Yamnaya community was completed in the first centuries of the 4th mill. BC on the basis of the Eneolithic Khvalynsk and Sredny Stog cultures in the territory from the Urals to the Don and Azov regions. It is concluded that the phenomenon of the Yamnaya cultural-historical region has developed in the course of a long-term economic and cultural interaction between farmers of the North-Western Black Sea region and pastoralists of the eastern steppe regions. New forms of management and new technologies in the life support system (nomadic cattle breeding and metal production) provided the economic basis for the active penetration of the Eastern pastoralists into the West. It is demonstrated that the society of the Yamnaya culture of the Volga-Urals was socially stratified.
Keywords: Yamnaya culture, Volga-Ural region, economy (cattle breeding and metal production), social structure, warfare
Information about author:
Nina Morgunova (Orenburg, Russian Federation). Doctor of Historical Sciences. Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Sovetskaya St., 19, Orenburg, 460014, Russian Federation
E-mail: [email protected]
ORCID: 0000-0002-8091-7411